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Types of Paper

Origami as an Artistic Tool

 

   Origami is an artistic manifestation, which lasts for almost two millennia, invented in China, and diffused from Japan to the whole world. It can be defined as a set of techniques, applied on a sheet of paper, in order to fold it conveniently, to form some silhouette or sculpture of nouns known to humans, such as animals and objects for example.

   There is a difference between Folding and Origami. Folding and origami, consist of the act of folding paper, primarily. However, traditional origami doesn't allow, during the folding sequence, be cut or affixed any parts of paper to the final folding composition, in other words, it must start and be worked from a single sheet of paper until the end, requiring a good mathematical and artistic vision where do you want to do. There is still some controversy about what can be considered origami, a folding, or even the so-called, paper sculptures ( which allows a far greater freedom than the previous categories ), and for that, follows a flowchart, despite the differences and tangencies, all are tools for the manifestation of the art of paper handling:

   In the flowchart above, there are several words and expressions, designating various types of art that make use of paper. Thus, below is following a sequence of images, in order to elucidated such types, and understand the difference between them:

Main Elements

    Origami has constituent elements, just like any art. These elements were created, each time a impasse had to be overcome. And even today, just like anything in the universe, it is susceptible to alterations, subtractions and additions. Origami has internationally recognized standards, that have come to help you continue the folding process. In the elements, we have the Symbology, the Initial Sheets, the Regular Basis, the DIY or SBS, and the Crease Patern (CP):

Symbology

Regular Basis:

Bases Regulares

Initial Sheets

Folhas Iniciais

Valley Fold - Fold the indicated part in order to shape a hollow.

Mountain Fold - Fold the indicated part in order to shape a peak.

Fold and Unfold - Make the fold indicated, and immediately undo it.

Zig Zag - Fold in zig zag, being aware if they are all layers or alternately.

X-Ray Line - Refers to folds and marks aren't visible.

Path to a Pocket - Fit the indicated part as far as the arrow leads.

Sequential Fold - Fold the paper over itself, as many times as indicated.

Same Distance

Same Angle

Push Here - Push the paper and the folds in the indicated area.

Sink Here - Reverse all the folds and given points, sinking the paper.

Sink Partially - Invert all the folds and points indicated, however, without undoing the entire model.

Take Paper from Here - Pull all the hidden layers indicated.

Turn the Model Contrary - Reveal the back of the model.

Rotation - Turn the model at the indicated angle and direction ( Usually 90 ° or 180 ° ).

Repeat - Repeat the previous steps in the indicated regions.

Important Points - Pay attention to the points indicated. They serve as reference.

Grab Here and Pull - Hold the indicated regions and pull in the direction of the arrow.

X-ray - Shows the hidden layers of a model.

View Enlarged or Reduced

View from another angle

Look Here - View the model by the indicated region.

Blow Here - Put your mouth in the indicated place and blow, inflating the model.

Start the model, or with the colored part of the paper up, or with the back of it; see the region greyish.

   Regular basis are geometric origamis, which give rise to various other orgamis, by convenient and subsequent modifications. They are like families, cause they group the final origami according the form they were initiated. There are another regular basis, which are for more complex models, but these types of models use other types of techniques to be developed, which are more relevant than just their initial basis, making them too volatile to be considered as standards. With some experience, just looking at base, you can already imagine the next movements in order to form the final figure. The main initial basis are these:

DIY ( Do It Yourself ) or SBS ( Step by Step )

DIY ( Do It Yourself ) ou SBS ( Step by Step )

   DIY or SBS, which is extended "Do It Yourself" and "Step by Step", are images and videos show how to make each origami; and all the folding processes. It's in them the symbologies are used, indicating how to proceed with the material at hands. It is common to associate the DIY to the videos, cause this expression is commonly used by artists to craft works that need motion capture to be transferred, while SBS are more associated with the images, because of the symbolism created to aid in understanding of origami, and therefore, are more commonly used for those who prefer to receive instructions from books by the traditional way. There are youtubers working with origami, using in their videos concepts of SBS, to help elucidate their work. Here are some examples of SBS ( If you are interested in the art of origami, and want to learn how to make more, click here! ):

Crease Pattern ( CP ):

Crease Pattern ( CP )

   Lastly, we have the CPs ( Crease Pattern ). Think about this situation: after inventing a very complex origami, how to remember its folds after, if you didn't write the SBS? That's why CPs exist. Once folded an origami, it can also be unfolded. And all the marks and commitment employed, are engraved in the paper, forming standardized and symmetrical creases. It's possible to identify the valleys and mountains folds, and helps to remember how you did it. However, for those who didn't participate in the process of developing of a model, and just receive a CP in hands to fold the corresponding origami, is very difficult, especially for those who have little practice. But it is a beautiful composition besides origami, with lines shaping the paper; creating polygonal geometric figures of all kinds. Below there are some examples of CPs ( Challenge: try to guess from which origami these CPs  have formed! ):

Techniques and Hints for New and Veteran Artists

    Normally, to improve a model, reminisce how to make models or even invent new ones, are recommend some specific techniques, for all kinds of art. These techniques, once invented, are rapidly spread throughout the community, because they always seeking to facilitate the handling, understanding or invention of new origamis, and at the same time, a diffusion of this art. For anyone who is starting in the origami's world, don't think it is an art you only can reproduce without looking. The foregoing elements must be in your mind, and this needs a time of practice, which isn't consequential from one day to the next. So pay attention on next initial tips, because they are also shared within the community, in order to beginners don't get lost or careless, and thus lose interest. I assure you, it's rewarding don't give up and see the final result! From this section, we have the 15 Basic Tips to make an Origami, the Tools Needed, the Types of Papers, the Wet Folding technique and the Box Pleating technique.
 

15 Basic Tips to make an Origami

  1. Make the folds on a smooth, flat, solid, well-lit surface, like a table illuminated by the sunlight or a lamp. Make sure you feel comfortable in the place you have chosen, because you will spend several minutes or even hours in it;

  2. Clean your hands and dry them well before starting the folds, and every time you feel the paper is getting moist, tearing apart and / or dirty;

  3. Avoid using more expensive papers if you are still a beginner; give preference to scratch sheets, flyers, newspapers, magazines, and other less expensive papers to practice. When you feel confident about the chosen model after practicing it a few times, then you redo it in a beautiful and resistant paper;

  4. If the chosen model has many folds or details, use thinner papers ( but it can't be very thin, because it can tear apart and the folds won't mark rightly, leaving your origami flaccid );

  5. Before you start folding, see if you know all symbology used in the SBS in question, if otherwise, learn about it;

  6. Follow the informed measures correctly if they exist;

  7. Follow the SBS subsequently, without skipping steps or changing them ( unless you want upgrade the origami if you are a veteran );

  8. Reinforce the creases of the folds made, passing a rigid and preferably ellipsoidal object, or use the pulp of one of the fingers and pass over them; it is expressly forbidden to you use your nail for this, because it can ruin the origami or make too strong marks that in the future will appear exposed;

  9. Don't be in a hurry to finish, patience is very important to make an origami, especially if this is your first time, after all patience is one of the abilities of these artists and was assimilated to this art traditionally;

  10. If you get lost in the order of the instructions, please don't despair! Compare what you did with the diagram or video, and if necessary, undo some movements or start over from the beginning. Just don't despair!;

  11. Practice the same model several times. Don't forget practice is what leads to perfection, and eventually, their appearance tends to look better;

  12. If you are tired or unable to follow the step-by-step, regardless of the reason, pause. Don't try to continue stubbornly, cause the result may turn out worse;

  13. Be humble, always. Never brag about yourself or disparage your fellow artists;

  14. Help spread the art of origami by posting your photos on social networks or showing them to your family and friends. Try to be the most spontaneous and creative person when you photographed and present them, because it will be your unique mark in this universe of origami;

  15. Remember: Persistence and patience are crucial when are making an origami. Never forget you are working with millennial concepts; make them worth!

Tools Needed

Tipos de Papéis

For Training:

  • Newspaper;

  • Magazines;

  • Flyers;

  • Any useless paper.

For well-done and fancy origamis:

  • Fantasy paper ( Here in Brazil, it is called like this, for origamis with many details );

  • A4 or A0;

  • Metallic ( Except Block Folding );

  • Shammy paper.

Not Recommended:

  • Tissue Paper;

  • Colorset ( only for bags or to Kirigami and Paper Crafts );

  • Card paper ( only for bags or Kirigami and Paper Crafts ).

Techniques for Veterans

Técnica para Veteranos

   There are two very good techniques for those who want to make and create more realistic origamis. They were created by two artists renowned in this branch of art, and quickly became popular once they were released in the community, because besides facilitating the handling of origami with more dynamism, it allows the creation of origami with sophisticated and delicate three-dimensional details, which naturally they overcome the two-dimensional models. They are the Wet Folding and the Box Pleating techniques:

origami), regular pentagon ( used mainly in flowers, stars and pentagonal elements ), regular hexagon ( much used in tessellations ), regular octagon ( little used in tessellations, more in objects of the same nature ), circle and circular sectors ( usually 3/4 and 1/2, more used for flowers and curved figures ).

   Did you think that all origami start from a square sheet? Previously, only simple quadrilaterals, like the square and the rectangle, were used, but nowadays, the origami originates from several initial shapes, to attend the necessities of the practitioner. These are the most common shapes: square, rectangle, diamond, triangle (used mainly in many tessellations, and usually equilateral triangles, but sometimes rectangle or isosceles  in  another  shapes  of

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